Dhal 3 Stanza 5 to 8

Stanza 5

There are 3 types of soul:
1. Bahiraatma- Wrong Believers
2. Antaraatma- Right Believers
a. 3 types of Antaraatma
i. Low (Jaghanya)
ii. Partial ( Madhyam)
iii. High (Uttam-Ascetics)
3. Parmatma- Perfect

Stanza 6


There are two types of Parmatma
1. Sakal – with body
2. Nikal – Without body
-Both types are pure, have no emotions(iccha), have infinite bliss, infinite knowledge of entire universe.
-When saints progress on the path to liberation they leave all emotions and become Sakal Parmatma (with body i.e. Arihant) and thence, eventually become bodiless and become Nikal Parmatma (without body i.e. Siddh)
-Infinite knowledge: we bow down to them so we know the laws to attain eternal bliss and happiness. We go to the Parmatma to learn ways to attain spiritual bliss and freedom away from the transmigratory cycle of birth and death.

For Example: Doll is run by three batteries. If no batteries then the doll would be idle. Once we put the batteries in it the doll will start moving.
2 things are happening:
1) Battery is charging the (+, -) side when in contact with the doll so electricity flows into the doll and makes the doll move.
2) Movement of the doll.
-As the doll moves, cells become discharged so you have to recharge the battery.
- Similarly, what ever we do, like play basketball game with motivation to win. But you lost so you come home upset. When you are motivated to win, you are charging karmic particles into you. When you come home they get discharged, making you upset.
- If someone that has never played basketball goes to play, and they lose, then they don’t feel upset because they didn’t charge anything, so there was no need to discharge anything.
- Person drinks lot of alcohol. Now he feels intoxicated,due to the molecules of alcohol, going in the body and will impact senses, due to the destruction of the neurons

-The Particles: Doll, Alcohol
-Impact of Particle on Object: Electrons in the doll. Impact on senses.
Karma are of three types :
(1) Bhaav Karma
(2) Dravya Karma
(3) No karma
Bhav Karma and Dravya Karma have been with us since the beginning of time.
Dravya Karma is material Karma
For Example: karmic particles getting discharged
Bhav Karma is thought karma
For Example: desire/motivation to win, emotions
No Karma is quasi Karma ( body, family, home, etc.)

Sidha have eliminated all karmas i.e. bhaavkarma, dravya karma and nokarma
If we were to send a saint to a basketball game they wont want to play since emotions are less and thus wont feel dejected.

Stanza 7

That which is lacking in consciousness, is called Ajiva. It is of five classes. Matter is characterized by possession of color (rang), taste (ras), odor (gandh), touch (sparsh), Hence Pudgal or matter is characterized by five colors (blue, black, yellow, red and white), five tastes (pungent, bitter, saline, acid and sweet), two odors (fragrance and malodor) and eight kinds of touch (soft, hard, heavy, light, hot, cold, smooth and rough).
The medium of motion for soul and matter is termed DHARMAASTIKAY, i.e. Dharma substance, which is colorless; the medium, of rest is known as ADHARMAASTIKAY, i.e. Adharma substance. Both are described as being without form by Jina.


Stanza 8

-Akaash, i.e. Space is the one, which provides accommodation for all substances.
-Kaal, i.e. Time; practically it is (reckoned as) day-night.
Both Akaash and Kaal are Non-Soul
Asrava is the movement of mind, tongue or body, (i.e. man, vachan and kaya), activated by wrong belief, vowlessness, carelessness and passions.

For Example: you watch a scary movie. We feel scared. Then after 7 days we may feel okay. You watch the movie again and feel less scared since you are densensitized and already know what happened.
End Result = Lot of Aashrav was received the 1st time and less the 2nd time.
When Aashrav is more, it will have bigger impact.

Dhal 3 Stanza 2 - 5

Dhal 3 Stanza 2
Pardravyan Tain Bhinn Aap Mein,
Roochi Samyakt Bhalaa Hai;
Aaparoop Ko Jaanapannon So,
Samyakgyaan Kalaa Hai.
Aaparoop Mein Leen Rahe Thir,
Samyakchaarita Soee;
Ab Vyavahaar Mokhamag Suniyai,
Hetu Niyat Kau Hoee.
The absolute form of right faith means to have unbroken faith in the true nature of the pure soul. To understand and to know that this pure soul is forever separate from all alien substances of the universe is known as the right knowledge in the absolute form. When one gives up the interests in all alien substances of the universe and becomes engrossed in the true nature of this pure soul then it is known as the right conduct in the absolute way.
The description of the conventional form of liberation will be given from stanza no. 3 to 10. When the person is on the path of liberation from absolute form then it is essential to know about the nature of the conventional path to liberation.
Dhal 3 Stanza 3
Jeeva Ajeeva Tattva Aru Aasrav,
Bandh Ru Samvar Jaanon;
Nirjar Mokha Kahai Jin Tinakon,
Jon Kau Saun Saradhaanon.
Hai Soee Samakit Vyavahaaree,
Ab in Roop Bakhaanon;
Tinakoon Suni Saamaanya-Visheshai,
Ditth Prateeti Ur Aanau.

Nischay samyag darshan
Nischay Samyag Charitra
Nishcay Samyag Gnaan
Nischay is in Stanza 2 and vyavahaar is in the 3rd stanza to the end.
Nischay Moskhamarg or absolute Mokshakarg is the same
Vyavarhhar or conventional or practical
Stanza 4
Souls have been placed in 3 classes as Bahiratma (wrong believer), Antaratmana (right-believer) and Parmatmana (perfect). One, who considers the body and soul as one is ignorant of reality and is a wrong-believer. The enlightened right-believer is of three types, i.e., low, intermediate and high. The self-contemplating ascetic, who is free from both (external and internal) kinds of possessions and has a pure heart belongs to the high class.
There are 6 types of Dravya (substances)
Dharmastikay
Adharmastikay
Jeev
Kaal
Pudgal
Aakash
The souls are classified as three types.
1. Pure soul. When we say pure we mean that there is no contamination. Nothing has been added. When we say olive oil is pure we mean that nothing has been added. The pure soul is not associated with anything else. We can call it pure or perfect. Paramatma is the pure soul. Param is super + atma is soul = super soul. The 24 Tirthankars are Paramatma. They are of two types arihant and siddh. They are arihants and siddhs because they have gotten rid of all the impurities (all ghati and aghati karmas).
2. Impure Soul who does not know. The impure ones are contaminated. They are of two types. One who knows he is contaminated and one who does not know, he is contaminated. The one who identifies himself with his soul and feelings is wrong believer Bahiratma.
3. One who understands the contamination is Antaraatma.





AATMA = SOUL




PARAMATMA ANTARATMA BAHIRATMA
Param + Atma ANTAR= Inside Bahir= Outside
= Pure Soul (Body and Soul are separate) Body and self = me



ARIHANT SIDDHA UTTAM MADHYAM JAGHANYA
(SAKAL) (NIKAL) (HIGH) (INTERMEDIATE) (LOW)
(WITH BODY) (WITHOUT BODY)
(No Ghati Karma) (No Ghati Karma)
(No Aghati Karma)

Stanza 5
Low is the one who does not have any vows.
High- Partial vows are not complete vows. Ahimsa. Not killing anyone under any circumstances. Partial vow is you kill living beings under some circumstances. All these three types of are on the path to liberation.
The perfect soul is sakal and nikal. Sakal paramatma is the body though he has got rid of all. He does not have any hatred.

Dhal 2

28 qualities which a saint MUST follow to be a saint, and he can chose to have more.

Samati: Doing something cautiously so that it doesn’t harm any other living being (non violence)



1. irya samati- When they walk they make sure that the passage they are walk on doesn’t have any living beings
2. basha samati

literally means lnguage

thins to take care of wile talking

3 things to take care of while talking

i. hith- words should do good to others, preach to help others
ii. mith- limited, only what is needed
iii. priya- something which makes others feel good

3. eshna samati

monk keeps right hand on shoulder meaning he is looking for biksha

householder gives saint food and then the monk eats it

while eating they make sure there isn’t any hair, ants ect in the food

4. adha nikshapan samati- monk would clean place before placing anything like scriptures down to prevent hurting living beings
5. pratistham samati- cleans places before doing toilet





Saints never take a bath for the entire life

Do not clean teeth

Don’t keep cloth to cover body

Only sleep in one posture in later part of night

Take food once a day

Eat food standing from their palm

Pull hair out by hand





Carry two apparatus

container filled with water by house holder

mop of peacock feathers to move any living beings without causing them pain

peacock feathers also stay clean

Stanza 9 and 10    

Kuguru

Suguru is one who is a saint and follows 28 qualities. (Naked saint. Digambar muni.)

• 5 vows
  
  • Satya- Truth
    
  • Ahimsa- Nonviolence
    
  • Achaurya- Non-stealing
    
  • Aparigray- Non-possessiveness
    
  • Brahmachariya- Celibacy
    

 

• Control all five senses
  
• 6 essentials
  
  • Samayik to retain equanimity for a duration of 48 mins to 96 mins. Saints do it 3 to 4 times a day
    
  • Stuti something which is done in the praise of the 24 tithankars
    
  • Vandana only done for a specific tirthankar, sadhu, updahdhay
    
  • Pratikraman repentence for the bad things done. Is a procedure which is done to purify the bad karmas, for the bad things done, since the last evening.
    
  • Pratyakhyana is a kind of informal pledge to not repeat the sins in the future. VIMAL BHAKTI
    
  • Kayatsyorg= kay and utsorg Kay is body and utsorg means tyaag. Uter means give away. Give away the body. When we do kaytsyorg we give up all the attachements for the body and we only focus on the soul.
    

Nadis

The channels and passages through which the Pranashakti goes all over the body. There is not even one part of the body which is not connected to one of these nadis. As per Hata yoga, there are 3500 nadis all over the body. 14 are mainly known, out of which three are very important and they are: (i) Sushumna (ii) ida, and (iii) Pingala.

Sushumna: This nadi starts from the base of the spine and goes straight up along the spinal column to the base of the skull, reaching the brain. This is represented by white color and fire as its symbol.

Ida: Ida has a blue color and is represented by the moon as its symbol. This nadi starts on the left side of the base of the spine and reaches the left nostril. The Tantras describe the left side as containing the feminine, creative, emotional and peaceful aspects of nature. Due to the feminine aspect of Ida, it is considered to be full ofmaternal energy. It nourishes and purifies the entire body and mind which makes one alert and fit for advanced meditation.

Pingala: This nadi starts on the right side of the base of the spine and reaches the right nostril. As per Yogic texts the right side is considered the male aspect of nature and is predominated by raw and physical.

 

 

Grahit and Agrahit Mithyatva

Wrong Faith- Mithya Darshan

Agrahit Mithyatva is the one that is carried from previous birth and has obtained sanskar in this birth.

Grahit Mityatva is the sanskar that one has learned from others in this birth.

 

Stanza 8

Meaning

 

 

 

Further Discussion

 

Faith (Darshan) and knowledge (Jnan) leads to conduct (Charitra).

Wrong faith and wrong knowledge leads to wrong conduct (Mithya Charitra)

Right faith and right knowledge leads to right conduct

Agrahit faith and agrahit wrong knowledge leads to Agrahit conduct

A person likes sensual pleasure(indriya), however he/she does not realize that it is not good for the soul because the likes builds raag and dwesh to the body, which we have to depart from at the time of death. Extra sensory pleasure (atiindriya) is obtained from atma.

 

Stanza 9 and 10

 

 

Meaning

 

Further Discussion

Su= Good

Ku= Wrong

Kuguru, kudev, kudharm

Sudev Su = Right Dev= Lord Right Lord

Sudev has the following characteristics

• Vitragi detaches from everything
  
• Sarvagya and Kevalgnan omniscient
  
• Kevalgnan knowledge of 3 kal and 3 lokh
  
• Hitupdesh Hit= eternally good updesh= preaches
  

Sudev has detachment from everything.

Sarvagya

Hitupdesh someone who tells us what is right for us.

Sudev tells us what is right and we should follow him

    

Dhal 2 Stanza 7

Stanza 7

Nirjara and Moksha

Nirjara happens by taap and penance. Taap is ridding desires.

We should not be chan chul (he/she that does not keep still in mind body and speech) because we cannot achieve moksha.

Wrong faith- no matter what the surroundings, good or bad, are we can be in peace with them because with wrong faith we would believe that whatever is happening is right.

Moksha- Wrong faith does not believe in moksha

He/She would not know that he would have the potential

He/She would not know the path

Siddhs are the liberated souls

NO KARMA- NO BODY- INFINITE KNOWLEDGE- INFINITE BLISS

Dhal 2 Stanza 6

Stanza 6

Samvar Stoppage

Bandh bondage

Wrong Vision- Mithya Darshan Wrong Faith

Mithya Drasti is one who has the wrong faith and wrong knowledge

Does not have the appropriate faith bandh and sanvar

Bandh
He/She does not realize that he is not getting the fruits from the karma bondage. He/She thinks that it happens by accident. He/She does not realize that if something bad happens then it is because of the bad deeds he did in the past. What we sow is what we reap. A person who does not have a good bandh karma he/she is not able to understand that the past and present.

Shubh Bandh punya

Ashubh Bandh pap

Sanvar is the stoppage of influx of karma

Quick Review of Dhal 1

Stanza's 1-16

 

All living beings in the three worlds (upper, middle, and lower) are craving for happiness and are afraid of sufferings. The living being is suffered because he did not understand the real nature of the self. The association of the four realms of existence is not the reason for one to be unhappy. Still he maintains oneness with the alien substances in the universe resulting in suffering. In this chapter the Author, Kavivar Pandit Daulatram, explains the results of the seven mistakes as narrated in the second chapter. These mistakes are the reasons why the soul is unhappy and suffering in the transmigratory cycle of life and death leading to the endless wandering within the four realms of existence. He enters into the human, subhuman, celestial, and infernal existence and ends up suffering. In these four realms, the lowest form of life (nigodh) is the worst where the soul has only one sense of touch and ends up spending infinite period of time. It is possible that after spending sometime in the remaining of one sense life, the soul gets a chance to come out and enters into two- sensed to five- sensed. In extreme rarity, he becomes a human with possession of five senses and the mind. In the human life, one can persevere in the right direction leading to the understanding the real nature of the self, which ultimately leads to the path of liberation. This ultimately ends the misery of the cycle of life and death.

 

Dhal 2

 

Why those sufferings exist?

 

Here is a story that illustrates this .

There was a stray monkey going around looking for food. He finds a pot. The pot has a thin neck and fat bottom. He sticks his hand in the pot and grabs a hand full of beans. Then when he tries to pull his hand out, it does not come out so he screams because the beans are in his hand and they made his hand bigger. The root of his suffering is his ignorance. Because of the ignorance he did not know why it happens and began crying and shouting.

 

Stanza 1

 

 

Aise Mithyaa Drug-Gyaan_Charannavash,

Bhramat Bharat Dukh Janm-Maranna;

Taatain Inkoon Tajiye Sujaan

Suni Tis Sankshep Kahoon Bakhaani.

 

Meaning

 

The living being wanders in this universe and suffers the pains of birth and death because of wrong faith, wrong knowledge, and wrong conduct. Therefore after knowing them well, leave them. I describe these three in brief, please listen.

 

Mithya Darshan Wrong faith and wrong

Mithya Charitra Doing things which takes you opposite towards the path of liberation

Mitya Darshan Wrong Faith

Agrahit Mityatva Happens from the sanskar or from the previous life

Grahit Mityatva Something which you acquired by the wrong preaching of someone

 

5 Kinds of Mityatva = Wrong Belief

1. Ekanta Mithyatva is a one-sided belief. When you understand something partially and think what you know is complete (new sects created). For example, you look at a ripe mango which is yellow. Its properties are that it is sweet, yellow, ripe, and juicy. However with Ekanta Mithyatva you would only say that the mango is yellow.
   
2. Viprita Mithyatva is a contrary belief. However things are, you consider them to be the opposite of what they actually are. For example, to believe body as to be the soul.
   
3. Sanshaya Mithyatva is a doubtful Belief. In the doubt state you do not know which is the REAL truth. For example, whether the soul is the doer of his own actions or the doer of someone or something else's actions.
   
4. Agnaan Mithyatva is ignorance. You do not have wisdom to know what is right and wrong. For example one believes it to be a religious act by killing and offering an animal to the deity.
   

Vinaya Mithyatva is treating all Gods and all religions of different sects to be equally right (having veneration with non-discriminating attitude).

Stanza 15

Starting point: A

Destination point: B

There are two paths that one can take:

1. Path leads a to b
   
2. Path that doesn't lead from a to b
   

A current position, sansar

B destination, moksha

Samvar is going from a to b

There are7 tattva:

Jeev: soul, something with the capability to know. Chetna. Capability to be aware. Consciousness

Ajeev: Body, no chetan shakti. No consciousness

Ashrav: influx of karma good and bad

Bandh: 1. get time stamp to bear fruit, 2. difference in intensity

Samvar: from A to B. stoppage of influx of karma by mind, body, and speech. All the vows: truth, non violence, no greed, not stealing, abstinence,

Nirjara

Moksha: Destination reached after all karma is shed.    

Ashrav and Bandh causes suffering while we are doing it and causes suffering later.

Samvar and Nirjara are blissful and result in a blissful state.

 

The above steps can be expressed by the following example of a both:Boat.

1. Hole in boat and water starts to come in.
   
2. Guy in boat is jeev and boat is ajeev.
   
3. Water comes in by ashrav.
   
4. Accumulation is bandh ( bondage of karma)
   
5. To prevent drowning stops the hole, samvar.
   
6. Starts removing water from boat, nirjara
   
7. Reaches shore, moksha….
   

 

 

Nirjara: 2 types

1. Akam nirjara: (does not lead to moksha)
   
   1. Karma comes to rise and gives fruit
      
   2. And then get shed by itself
      
   3. Example: daily activity, get something unfavorable Ex. Injury
      
   4. Ashrav continues because you are doing emotions due to the bearing of fruits
      
2. Sakam nirjara (leads to moksha; liberation from worldly sufferings and karma and transmigratoy cycle.)
   
   1. Shed by Tap.
      
   2. Tap is getting rid of desire. Iccha nirodh
      
   3. Desire less state
      
   4. Stops influx of karma
      

All feelings happen because some kind of attachment to something.

Anger, stress, jealously, hatred and aversions will go away with time.

Desires don't go away

If one overcomes desire, then one can overcome attachment feelings.

True nature of soul appears after win over desires.

Ichha is subset of raag

Raag is bigger umbrella. Desire is included in raag.

2 raags

1. Prasha raag
   
   1. Raag supporting towards spiritual bliss
      
   2. Desire towards moksha
      
   3. Desire towards good spiritual qualities
      
   4. Towards bringing extra sensory pleasure
      
   5. All compassions and friendly emotions to all living beings
      
   6. Feelings to help someone
      
   7. Fulfilling duty as house holder
      
      1. Intention is the by fulfilling duty it will be happy and can pursue my path to liberation
         
      2. No with intention to get something in return. If you want something in return then it is apraha raag.
         

      
       

2. Aprasha raag
   
   1. Desire towards worldly things
      
   2. Brings name, fame, and wealth.
      
   3. Expect favor back for favor or duty.
      

Making bad money is worse than making money with aprasha raag.

Samyak drasti: one with right belief in 7 tattvas.

As proceeding to path of liberation the raag diminishes. At time of moksha then both prasha and aprasha raag go away.

Stanza 15:

Sometimes because of shedding the karma by akam nirjara one takes birth in 3 lower heavenly being.

There they get burnt in desire towards sensory pleasures.

Daavanal is wild forest fire. 6 months before death their garland around their neck withers away.

And realize they will die and realize they will die and take birth as something else, not dev again or hell. These thoughts create a lot of stress and at the time of death they suffer in intense agony.

Stanza 14

After birth, he goes thru 3 stages

1) childhood
2) youth/prime
3) old age.

in the childhood, the soul doesnt have knowledge, it doesnt know whats right or wrong (vivek, samyakta).

In youth, he gets engaged in sensory pleasure, gets focused in the career, tries to earn money, remains engaged in sansar.

In old age, he is half dead, and doesn't have the energy or enthusiasm to learn about Dharm and realize its true nature.

Theres another example of a sugar cane.

When its in the field, it has roots, then theres juice in between, and on the top there are leaves. THis represents 3 stages of it.

The bottom part is the root, its childhood
the juice is the youth,
the old age is the leaf.

When we use sugarcane, only the juice is useful, similarly, when a man has to understand his own nature, he must engage only in the tasks that are most useful, hence the youth is the only age when he is healthy and can attain knowledge most effectively.

The problem that comes in youth is the attraction towards sensory pleasure, fame, money, passion etc. He can give these things up, give up his distractions that are there due to his arrogance. To satisfy their ego, they build up piles of wealth, possessions (engages in parigraha). This leads him to have no time to find motivation/time to do the right dharma


Primer to Karma

There are infinite souls in the universe, and they keep traversing from one state to another, sometimes they are in suffering, sometimes in happiness. They have to bear the fruits and evils of their deeds/thoughts/speech, and we are where we are due to our past. We take complete responsibility for it, noone else has influenced or brought us to our state

dravya karm-
They are infinitely small particles of karma.

Bhaav karma- doing something bad to someone gets attached with a time stamp to it, and they lets suppose give fruit after some yrs, and they will start giving us unfavorable conditions, and also negative emotions like anger/greed/ego etc

Nirjara :

• 1) asrav - influx of karma

• 2) bandh- bondage (and also timestamp when they'll give fruits... and also intensity, with what intensity to give fruits)

• 3) samvar- stoppage of influx, when we overcome our 4 greed pride anger deceit

• 4) Nirjara- Shedding of Karma

a) akaam - when karma comes into rise, it gives its fruits, and when it gives its fruits, it gets shed. So either you benefit, or suffer, but after that its shed

b) sakaam - penances, in order to dissociate karma, in this he doesnt bear the fruits of the karma, they simply get destroyed. Tapasvis are an example, where they destroy their penance through tap (penance)

soul gets attached thru contraction and expansion, and there are 2 types of karmic particles

1) passive
2) active.

with the process of yoga, the passive starts turning active. At the time, whatever emotion you're doing, the active ones get some kind of timestamp and intensity


if you;re going on a boat which has a hole, the process of entering the water is called asrav, when it gets bonded to the boat, its called bandh, and covering the hole is called samvar, and when you start bailing the water out, its called nirjar

Moksh = zero karma, can't attain moksh if there is any Karma left attached.

Stanza 13

Suffering in human life. The living being must be in the mother's womb, where the body is contracted, and they have to suffer pain. They have to suffer more pain while taking birth (both
mother and baby suffers here)

Stays in the womb for 9 months

They have to contract their body parts (which gives them suffering) while getting released from the mothers womb, they suffer beyond description

Two types of human beings

1) Bhogbhumi - In first 3 spokes of the

kaalchakra (cycles) (aaras)

Here they get what they want by

Kalpavruksh, because their good karma is

so strong in this bhumi that the thing

appears only by asking for it

2) 4th and 5th aara are Karmabhumi

in the karma bhumi, one has to work in

order to get something, the good karma

is not that strong and has to work

really hard to get something.

for example even in our life we get

things in 3 ways.

• 1) by just thinking and getting it,
  

• 2) by working to get it,

• 3) sometimes even if we work hard we dont get it, but we must not be discouraged by this and do wrong
  

This cycle only happens on earth

In Videh Kshetra, it's always stuck in

the 4th aara conditions, because there

is no cycle, its a static condition

Stanza 12

Description of the hellish beings


stanza translation :
The infernal living beings- they are so hungry that if they are given the entire foodstocks of the entire universe, still their hunger will not be satiated.

They arent given any food in hell.

The reason is they have done such karma, that while eating, they never had any mercy on the living beings that they ate. So in his next birth (in hell) they will have to pay for it

same logic applies about thirst, they don't get to drink either, because in the past they disregarded living beings in fluids as well. These things lead these beings to suffer in hell, out of hunger and thirst.

Hellish souls have to suffer this for a really long time, and at the end of their life in hell, they are born either as humans, or as panchindriya jeev (5 sensed beings)

Once out of hell one cannot become a dev, or 1,2,3 and 4 sensed being. One will either become a 5 sensed animal or a human.


Beings in hell have to suffer this way for many sagars. Sagar is a unit of time

It's description is as given below

• 1)You make a pit, that is 2000 kos (1 kos = 2 miles approx) in length, breadth and height
  

• 2) fill it with pieces of hair and divide it into infinitesmall bits, and fill the entire pit completely from top to bottom.
  

• 3)Take out each of these pieces every 100 years.

• 4) The time it will take to get all those hair out to empty the pit is called vyavahar pallay.
  

• 5) Multiply vyavahar pallay with innumerable digits(asankyat) and it becomes uddhar pallay

• multiply uddhar pallay by another innumberable digits and it becomes addha pallay,
  

• Finally, multiply addha pallay by 10 crores multiplied by 10 crores and it becomes one sagar
  

The maximum age of a hellish being is 33 sagar.

The maximum age of a dev is 33 sagar as well

in the first hell, the maximum age of the hellish being is 1 saagar, in the second hell its 3 saagar, in the 3rd hell its 7 saagar, in the 4th hell its 10 saagar, in 5th hell its 17 saagar, in 6th hell its 22 sagar, and in 7th hell its 33 saagar.

The minimum age in the first hell is 10,000 years.


We have gone to hell only animals with 5 senses or human beings can go to hell. 1-4 senses tiryanch cannot go to hell, and even heavenly beings cannot go to hell directly. Any sensed being can go to heaven.


when a person takes birth in hell, he drops down on the ground, and then he hits head first, and bounces on the ground, and he bounces several miles up and down. When the bouncing is finished, he wonders where he came from and what is this horrible place...people come running after him with weapons to kill him, and some of them make him suffer by using their weapons,
and he has to escape from those hellish beings

To save himself, he jumps thru the vetarni nadi, thinking he will be rid of the hellish beings, but the insects there start eating his skin and give him a lot of pain, and later when he goes to find
some peace and rest under a tree, the leaves of the tree start falling, and they are like falling blades that cut his limbs.

This way the hellish being keeps suffering in his entire lifespan. to add to his misery, the
asurdev come down and remind him of the bad things the other hellish beings did to them in the previous birth and makes them fight.

Dev go to hell to make them fight, but there are also some devs who go to actually do some preaching there, to make them learn good things.

Only heavenly beings (devs, there are also asur types of devs to make them fight, and vaimanik dev, if they have had a relationship with some hellish being in prior births to tell the the right things).

After Laxman and Ravan died, they went to hell, and Sita become a Devi, and Ram attained liberation. Sita realized that in her past birth she had intimacy with Laxman as a brother in
law, so she comes down to hell and gives Laxman sermons. From hell, even suicide wont work, you'll be all broken up but won't die.


Human life.

Stanza 11

Stanza 11

Til-til Karain Deh Ke Khand,

Asur Bhiddavain Dusht Prachand;

Sindhu-Neer Tain Pyaas Na Jaay,

Tau Pan Ek Na Boond Lahaay.

Meaning:

Inhabitants of the infernal life fight and chop the bodies of each other into small pieces. They are incited to fight amongst themselves by wicked and fierce celestial beings known as 'Asur kumaar'. They have extreme thirst, which cannot be quenched by the water of an entire ocean. Despite this they do not get even one drop of water to drink.

Class Discussion:

Narki jeev can make their body in different things. These hellish beings turn into trees and worms and try to give other narki beings pain. This does not increase their time in hell however they will not get a good life form.

Hell to 5 sensed sainee tiryanch or human

Worms in river have 5 senses

Jumps into the vaitrani river to get peace but gets torn up

Avdhignan- know their past

Hellish being take revenge on each other. They do not understand what the reason was.
They cut each others body into small pieces

Sindu is the ocean and neer is the water of the ocean

They are so thirsty that even if they drink the entire ocean they will still be thirsty. There is not even a drop of water there. They are hungry and do not get anything to eat.

4 gatis

4 Devs: There are 4 kind of Devas as follows:

1. Vaimanik Dev: Have their own plane Upper part of the world. 16 heavens there. They enjoy sensory pleasures. They have 32 female devis. When one receives Samyagdarshan they would be a Vaimanik Dev. This is the best form of Dev lokh.
2. Jyotish Dev: Stay in the planets which we see. They stay in the sun and moon. This is the 2nd best form of Dev Lokh.
3. Bhavanwasi Dev: They in the middle part of the world. They have their own buildings and they can go to the third level of hell.
a. Asur Dev is a kind of Bhavanwasi Dev. They have avdhignan and incite other narkis to fight with each other.
4. Vyantar Dev: Ghosts (Bhoot, Pisach etc), they do not have a home and wander around. They can stay at public places. They stay in abandoned homes.

Stanza 10

Stanza 10

Sevartaru Daljut Asipatra,

Asi Jyaun Deh Vidaarain Tatra;

Meru-Pramaan Loh Gali Jaay,

Aisee Seet-Ushnnataa Thaay.

Meaning:

In the infernal realm, there are leaves of the 'Sevar' trees that have sharp edges like a sword. When they fall on the inhabitants they pierce through the body. The climate is so intensely hot that a lump of iron as big as mount Meru can melt just like the wax of the candle and it is also so cold that the same lump of iron melts away as if the salt into the water.

Class Discussions:

Tree of Narak
Sevar
Asipatra- Sharp leaves with salt

Weather of Narak
Meru is the name of the mountain. If a iron of the same size as of Meru, it will melt because of the heat.
Narak is extremely hot and cold.
1, 2, 3, 4, and upper of 5- very hot
Lower part of 5,6,7-very cold

Sumeru parvat is in the middle of Jambu Dweep

When the Tirththankar is born, they take the Tirthankar child to do Abhishek

Sumeru Parvat plateau is 40 yojan in diameter
1 yojan= 4-10 miles or 4,000 miles

There are total 5 Mountains similar to Sumeru Parvat, which are called 'Panch meru'

Stanza 9

Stanza 9

Tahaan Bhoomi Parasat Dukh Isau,

Bichhoo Sahas Dasat Tan Tisau;

Tahaan Raadhi-Shronnit Vaahinee,

Krumi-kul Kalit Deh Daahinee.

Meaning:

In the infernal realm just merely touching the ground causes pain likened to the sting of thousands of scorpions. The flow of the river 'vaitarni' is full of pus and blood along with swamps of worms and all these cause severe burning sensation to the body.

Class Discussion:

Begins by talking about the pain in hell as soon as you put your foot in hell. There is a river of blood flowing around which causes burning sensations when the worms touch the body.

What do you mean by narak or the hell being? (Question asked by Ashok uncle)
· Lowest gati full of sufferings
· Sinful souls
· Bad karma they have to go to narak.

• Seven hells (Adho lok)
  1. 84,000 years; intensity, age, height, and duration of suffering increases as the temperature decreases
  2.
  3.
  4.
  5.
  6.
  7. Lowest form of hell (far more than trillions of years to come out) biggest area
  

Raja Shrenik Stories

1. Shrenik Raja was hunting one night with his bodyguards. He heard a sound of a nearby animal and instantly decided to kill it. He took his bow and put the arrow in it and shot the deer. The deer was pregnant. Raja Shrenik took great pride (maan) in killing this pregnant deer because he said that his aim is so good, it was hard to see, but he still killed it, and on top of it all he was able to kill two deers with one bow. This mahan pap destined him for the seventh narak.

2. Raja Shrenikji was upset that his wife went to a sadhuji's pravachans. He told her to not go but she still went. So Raja Shrenikji killed a snake and put the snake around the neck of the sadhu, who was meditating. The ants were on the body of the snake and the sadhuji's. He went to his wife and told his wife. Then he went back and the snake was still there and the ants were biting the sadhu. He repented and STILL has to suffer narak. Once the sin is committed your have to go to narak to suffer. His wife took the sugar and spread a circle of sugar around the saint and the ants fleed towards the sugar and left the saints body. Raja Shrenikji took the snake off the saint. Shrenik thought that the saint would say some bad things. When the saint opened his eyes he gave them blessings. Shrenik realized that the sadhu has a lot of compassion for everyone. Wife was a cousin of Mahavirswami. He asked Mahavirswami what he should do. Mahavirswai said to be compassionate to all. He gained saymagdarshan. His narak went from 7th to the 1st.

In Narak there is CONSTANT SUFFERING
There are 5 core 68 lakhs 99 thousand and 4584 beings in the first hell.
As you go on it doubles, triples, and so on.
The bodies are CUT UP- and placed back together
Rivers of Narak

• Vaitarni (full of pus and blood, worms that cause burning in the body)

Stanza 8

Hindi Text:




English Translation:

Badh Bandhan Aadik Dukh Ghanein,

Koti Jeebha Tein Jaat Na Bhanein;

Ati Sanklesh-bhaava Tein Marau,

Ghor Subhrasaagar mein Parau.


Meaning:

As an animal, the soul faces beings butchered and bound. The suffering is so intense that it cannot be narrated by millions of toungues. Thus it dies under extreme torture and falls into the terrible infernal (hell) realm.


Further Discussion:

The animals go to hell because they are mentally tortured so karma will bring a situation in which the mental torture continues, in hell.

Stanza 7

Hindi Text:



English Translation:

Kabahoon Aap Bhayau Balaheen,

Sabalani Kari Khaayau Atideen;

Chhedan-Bhedan Bhook-Piyaas,

Bhaar Vahan Him-Aatap Traas.

Meaning:

Occasionally this living being was born as a weak animal, such as a deer, rabbit etc. that might be eaten by a stronger animal. In this form of life, the living being had to face many sufferings due to piercings, cuttings, hunger, thirst, carrying loads, extreme heat and cold, ect.



Further Discussion:

In earlier times animals would face hardships and torture due to labor intensive tasks. Nowadays the animals face hardships and torture due to chemical product testing and genetic engineering.

Stanza 6 Further Discussion

There are 4 Gatis: Narak, Terianch, Manushya, and Dev.

• 4 Gatis:
  
  • Narak: Hellish form
    
    • ALL Narak beings are Sainee
      
    • There is a total of 7 hells
      
  • Terianch
    
    • Include all 1 sense to 4 sense beings
      
    • Also includes animals with 5 senses
      
      • Most are Sainee
        
    • Examples of Terianch are Bacteria, Fire, Worm, Lion.
      
  • Manushya: Human
    
    • All are Sainee
      
  • Dev: Heavenly beings
    
    • All are Sainee
      

• 5 sense beings can be divided into 2 categories, Sainee and Asainee:
  
  • Sainee
    
    • Power of rational thought
      
    • Some 5 have senses
      
  • Asainee
    
    • No power of rational thought
      
    • Include all 1 sense to 4 sense beings
      
    • Some 5 sense animals
      
      • Example: One kind of snake, lives in ocean.
        
• 5 sense Terianch can be subdivided into three categories.
  
  • Water
    
    • Example: Fish
      
  • Earth
    
    • Example: Horse
      
  • Fly
    
    • Example: Birds
      

Stanza 6

Hindi Text:



English Translation:

Kabahoon Panchendryia Pashu Bhayau,

Man Bin Nipat Agyaanee Thayau;

Sinhaadik Sainee Hvai Kroor,

Nibal Pashoo Hati Khaaye Bhoor.

Meaning:

Every so often, the soul takes birth as a five-sensed animal without the power of rational thought. In this care such a soul would be ignorant about his true nature. Even if an opportunity arose to take birth as a five sensed animal with the power of rational thinking, it may take birth as a wild or cruel beast such as a lion or tiger, which kills and eats many weaker animals like deer and rabbits ect.



Further Discussion:
(See Post named: "Stanza 6 Futher Discussion")

Stanza 5

Hindi Text:



English Translation:

Durlabh Lahi Jyaun Chintaamannee,

Tayun Parjaay Lahee Trasatannee;

Lat Pipeeli Ali Aadi Shareer,

Dhari-Dhari Maryau Sahee Bahu Peer.



Meaning:

Just as it is rare to find a precious jewel, so it is equally are rare for the living being to transgress from the stationary life of one sensed beings to a mobile life of two to four sensed beings such as a worm - two sensed creature, ant - three sensed creature, or beetle - four sensed creature. Yet again in all these states the living being continues to endure suffering.



Further Discussion:

There are two types of living beings: Stavar and Trass.



Stavar beings CANNOT move on their own will. Whereas Traas beings CAN make a move according to their own will.

There are an infinite number of stavar beings and only an innumberable amount of traas beings.



Stavar include all one sense beings

Traas include all 2, 3, 4, and 5 sense beings.

Stanza 4

Hindi Text:

English Translation:

Ek Saans Mein Atth-Das Baar,

Janmau Maran Bharau Dukhbhaar;

Nikasi Bhoomi Jal Paawak Bhayau,

Pawan Pratyek Vanaspati Thayau.

Meaning:

In the state of the lowest form of life - the soul suffered immensely. In one breathing, he was born and reborn up to 18 times. The soul went through the cycle of birth and death 18 times. When the soul got the opportunity to come out of this, he was born into an earth body, water body, fire body, air body, and then as an individial plant body. All these migrations were in one sensed life.

Further Discussion:

The living beings that make up:

• Earth are round in shape.
• Fire are shaped like a vertical wire.
• Water are spherical.
• Aire are like a flag in the wind formnig the "S" shape.

Stanza 3 Further Discussion

All living organisms can be classified under 5 senses.

• 1 sense beings are like trees.
  
  • Sense of Touch
    
  • There are 5 types of 1 sense beings
    
    • Water
      
    • Fire
      
    • Air
      
    • Earthly
      
    • Vanaspati.
      
      • There are 2 types of Vanaspati: Pratyek and Sadaharan.
        

1. Pratyek has a soul with its own body. For example a tree. There are 2 types of Pratyek
   
   1. Pratistit: living beings has parasite of nigodh being. There are many souls that live in one body. For example underground: potato, garlic, onion, carrot, Etc.
      
   2. Apratisit: has sadharan parasite. For example apple, mango.
      
2. Sadaharan is when many living beings share one body. Their Birth, breath, and death is together and worst form of existence. Example: potato, kandmul.
   

• 2 sense beings are like worms.
  
  • Sense of Touch and Taste
    
• 3 sense beings are like Ant.
  
  • Sense of Touch, Taste, and Smell
    
• 4 sense beings are like butterfly.
  
  • Sense of Touch, Taste, Smell, and Sight
    
• There are 4 types of 5 sense beings:
  
  • Sense of Touch, Taste, Smell, Sight, and Sound
    
  • Human, Dev, Animal, Hellish Being.
    

Jain Mathematics

• The Numbers can be sub-divided into Finite, Innumerable, and Infinite.
  
• Finite
  
  • Zero to innumerable minus 1
    
  • Perceived by Matignyan and Shrutgnyan
    
• Innumerable
  
  • Inumerable to infinite minus 1
    
  • Perceived by Avdignyan and Manapravgyanan
    
• Infinite
  
  • Infinite
    
  • Perceived by Kevalgnan
    

Gnay-everything that is to be known

Hay what you are not supposed to indulge into

Upaadae- everything that you should do

Stanza 3

Hindi Text:


English Translation:




Meaning:
The ascetics in bygone literature have depicted many accounts of the sufferings of life and death in the transmigratory cycle. The living being has passes an infinite amounts of time in the lowest form of life nigodh, with only one sense organs.


Further Discussion:
(See Post named "Stanza 3 Further Discussion")

Stanza 2

Hindi Text:




English Translation:

Further Discussion:

O bhavya jiva! - The one who is capable of attaining salvation - if you desire the welfare of the self, then with utmost concentration, listen to the advice of the spiritual preceptor. Since time infinite the person has been drinking the strong of delusion. As a result he is wandering the universe in the miserable cycle of life and death and has never realized his true nature.

Stanza 1

Hindi Text:



English Translation:



Meaning:
The first stanza, talks about the three parts of the universe (upper, middle, and lower), where there are infinite number of living beings. They are all afraid of sufferings and are looking for happiness.Therefore, with compassion, the learned preceptor gives the right advice to the mundane soul about how to destroy sufferings and achieve happiness.


Further Discussion:
There are four types of happiness- sensory pleasure, duty fulfilling, social service, and detachment.

1. Sensory pleasure is when the sense of touch, taste, smell, hearing, and seeing are satisfied.
2. Duty fulfilling is when the father completes his duty once his daughter is happily married.
3. Social service is when one volunteers and receives happiness from doing so.
4. Detachment is when one detaches himself/herself from the worldly pleasures.

Ultimate happiness is found in detachment, Veetraagta.

ChahDhala Swadhayya

Here we start blog of Chahdhala. Classes will be taken by Ashok Sethi Ji and Shrish.

There is a weekly class started by Ashok Sethi Ji and Shrish Jain Ji on Sundays 3:30 to 4:30 on phone, please read below for details.

• Language of class: English
• Targeted audience: For Youth. Recommended age 16 yrs and above. However everybody is welcome who wants to read Jain Philosophy in English :)
• Scripture: The book referred would be Chahdhala. More details on the scripture us below.
• Bridge: Dial 712 429 0690 and enter pin 551395# to join the teleconference.
• Time: Every Sunday 3:30 to 4:30 on phone
• Website: http://chahdhala.blogspot.com/ The notes from the class are posted on this website. There already has already been 3-4 seesions, and the notes have been posted on this site.